Source code for embedl_hub._internal.tracking.rest_api

import warnings
from collections.abc import Mapping
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime
from enum import Enum
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Literal, TypeAlias
from urllib.parse import urljoin

import requests
from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.alias_generators import to_camel
from typing_extensions import Self


@dataclass
class ApiConfig:
    """Configuration for interacting with the Embedl Hub REST API."""

    base_url: str
    api_key: str

    @property
    def headers(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        return {
            "Authorization": f"Bearer {self.api_key}",
            "Content-Type": "application/json",
            "Accept": "application/json",
        }


class Model(BaseModel):
    """Base model with camel case aliasing."""

    model_config = ConfigDict(alias_generator=to_camel, validate_by_name=True)


class Project(Model):
    id: str
    name: str


[docs] class RunType(Enum): COMPILE = "COMPILE" CUSTOM = "CUSTOM" EVAL = "EVAL" GRAPH = "GRAPH" INFERENCE = "INFERENCE" PROFILE = "PROFILE"
def coerce_run_type(s: str) -> "RunType | str": """Map a string to a :class:`RunType` enum member if one matches. The match is case-insensitive and whitespace is stripped. If no enum member matches, the original string is returned unchanged so the caller can treat it as a custom type label. :param s: A run-type string supplied by the user. :return: The matching :class:`RunType` member, or *s* unchanged. """ try: return RunType(s.strip().upper()) except ValueError: return s
[docs] class RunStatus(Enum): PENDING = "PENDING" RUNNING = "RUNNING" FINISHED = "FINISHED" FAILED = "FAILED" KILLED = "KILLED"
class Run(Model): id: str name: str description: str | None = None type: RunType custom_type: str | None = None status: RunStatus parent_run_id: str | None = None created_at: datetime started_at: datetime ended_at: datetime | None class RunSummary(Model): id: str name: str description: str | None = None type: RunType custom_type: str | None = None status: RunStatus parent_run_id: str | None = None created_at: datetime started_at: datetime ended_at: datetime | None class RunWithProject(Run): project: Project class RunListPagination(Model): limit: int offset: int total: int has_more: bool next_offset: int | None class RunListPage(Model): items: list[RunSummary] pagination: RunListPagination class Parameter(Model): name: str value: str measured_at: datetime | None = None class ExternalLink(Model): id: int | None = None label: str url: str created_at: datetime | None = None class Metric(Model): name: str value: float step: int | None = None measured_at: datetime | None = None class Tag(Model): name: str value: str class RunDashboard(Model): id: str name: str description: str | None = None config: dict[str, Any] is_default: bool = False opens_run: bool = False created_at: datetime updated_at: datetime class ArtifactStatus(Enum): PENDING = "PENDING" UPLOADED = "UPLOADED" FAILED = "FAILED" class Artifact(Model): id: str run_id: str file_name: str file_size: str status: ArtifactStatus created_at: datetime updated_at: datetime class ArtifactUploadResponse(Model): url: str expires_at: datetime | None max_size: str upload_mode: Literal["API", "SIGNED_URL"] RevisionAttributeValue: TypeAlias = str | int | float | bool | None class ModelRevisionRunAttribute(Model): name: str value: RevisionAttributeValue step: int | None = None class ModelRevisionRunArtifact(Model): id: str file_name: str file_size: int status: ArtifactStatus created_at: datetime class ModelRevisionRun(Model): id: str name: str type: RunType custom_type: str | None = None status: RunStatus parent_run_id: str | None = None created_at: datetime params: list[ModelRevisionRunAttribute] metrics: list[ModelRevisionRunAttribute] tags: list[ModelRevisionRunAttribute] artifacts: list[ModelRevisionRunArtifact] class ModelRevisionBranch(Model): id: str name: str class ModelRevisionBranchReference(ModelRevisionBranch): head_revision_id: str class ModelRevisionAuthor(Model): name: str | None email: str class ModelRevision(Model): id: str model_id: str name: str description: str | None branch: ModelRevisionBranch revision_number: int title: str note: str | None created_at: datetime parent_revision_id: str | None created_by: ModelRevisionAuthor runs: list[ModelRevisionRun] class CpuSpec(Model): architecture: str frequency: str clock: float class Device(Model): name: str os: str vendor: str platform: Literal["ANDROID", "IOS"] type: str cpu: CpuSpec class DeviceCloudUpload(Model): id: str url: str created_at: datetime webhook_url: str | None = None webhook_secret: str | None = None class DeviceCloudDownload(DeviceCloudUpload): status: str def succeeded(self) -> bool: return self.status == "SUCCEEDED" class DeviceCloudJobStatus(Enum): COMPLETED = "COMPLETED" PENDING = "PENDING" PENDING_CONCURRENCY = "PENDING_CONCURRENCY" PENDING_DEVICE = "PENDING_DEVICE" PREPARING = "PREPARING" PROCESSING = "PROCESSING" RUNNING = "RUNNING" SCHEDULING = "SCHEDULING" STOPPING = "STOPPING" def is_final(self) -> bool: return self == DeviceCloudJobStatus.COMPLETED def is_active(self) -> bool: return self in ( DeviceCloudJobStatus.PREPARING, DeviceCloudJobStatus.PROCESSING, DeviceCloudJobStatus.RUNNING, DeviceCloudJobStatus.STOPPING, ) def is_waiting(self) -> bool: return self in ( DeviceCloudJobStatus.PENDING, DeviceCloudJobStatus.PENDING_CONCURRENCY, DeviceCloudJobStatus.PENDING_DEVICE, DeviceCloudJobStatus.SCHEDULING, ) class DeviceCloudJob(Model): id: str status: DeviceCloudJobStatus created_at: datetime result: str | None = None completed_at: datetime | None = None class DeviceCloudJobArtifacts(Model): job_id: str url: str extension: str | None = None CompletedRunStatus: TypeAlias = Literal[ RunStatus.FINISHED, RunStatus.KILLED, RunStatus.FAILED ] class _RemoveParent: """Sentinel value to explicitly remove a parent run.""" pass REMOVE_PARENT = _RemoveParent() JSONObj: TypeAlias = dict[str, Any] JSONItems: TypeAlias = list[JSONObj] JSONData: TypeAlias = JSONObj | JSONItems def create_project(config: ApiConfig, name: str) -> Project: """Create a new project.""" data = _request(config, "POST", "/api/projects", json={"name": name}) data = _expect_dict(data) return Project(**data) def get_project_by_name(config: ApiConfig, name: str) -> Project | None: """Get project by name, or None if not found.""" try: data = _request( config, "GET", "/api/projects", params={"name": name}, ) except ApiError as err: if err.status_code == 404: return None raise data = _expect_dict(data) return Project(**data) def create_run( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, type: RunType, started_at: datetime | None = None, name: str | None = None, parent_run_id: str | None = None, custom_type: str | None = None, description: str | None = None, pending: bool = False, ) -> Run: """Create a new run, pending rather than running when asked to.""" payload = {"type": type.value} if pending: payload["status"] = RunStatus.PENDING.value if name: payload["name"] = name if parent_run_id: payload["parentRunId"] = parent_run_id if custom_type: payload["customType"] = custom_type if description is not None: payload["description"] = description if started_at: payload["startedAt"] = started_at.isoformat() data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Run(**data) def get_run( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> Run: """Get a run by ID.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Run(**data) def start_pending_run(config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str) -> None: """Start a pending run; the Hub sets its start time.""" _request( config, "PATCH", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}", json={"status": RunStatus.RUNNING.value}, ) def resolve_run(config: ApiConfig, run_id: str) -> RunWithProject: """Get a run by ID alone, with the project it belongs to.""" data = _request(config, "GET", f"/api/runs/{run_id}") data = _expect_dict(data) return RunWithProject(**data) def list_runs( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, limit: int | None = None, offset: int | None = None, statuses: list[RunStatus] | None = None, types: list[RunType] | None = None, custom_types: list[str] | None = None, params: Mapping[str, str] | None = None, ) -> RunListPage: """List the runs of a project, newest first. :param config: API configuration. :param project_id: ID of the project to list runs for. :param limit: Maximum number of runs to return (server default and cap apply). :param offset: Number of runs to skip, for pagination. :param statuses: When given, only runs with these statuses. :param types: When given, only runs of these types. :param custom_types: When given, only custom runs with these labels. :param params: When given, only runs that logged every one of these parameters with exactly that value, sent as given. :return: One page of runs with pagination info. """ query: dict[str, str | int] = {} if limit is not None: query["limit"] = limit if offset is not None: query["offset"] = offset if statuses: query["status"] = ",".join(status.value for status in statuses) if types: query["type"] = ",".join(run_type.value for run_type in types) if custom_types: query["customType"] = ",".join(custom_types) for name, value in (params or {}).items(): query[f"param:{name}"] = value data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs", params=query or None, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return RunListPage(**data) def get_run_metrics( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> list[Metric]: """Get the metrics logged on a run.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/metrics", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [Metric(**item) for item in data] def get_run_params( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> list[Parameter]: """Get the parameters logged on a run.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/params", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [Parameter(**item) for item in data] def get_run_tags( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> list[Tag]: """Get the tags set on a run.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/tags", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [Tag(**item) for item in data] def get_run_external_links( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> list[ExternalLink]: """Get the external links logged on a run.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/external-links", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [ExternalLink(**item) for item in data] def get_run_artifacts( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> list[Artifact]: """Get the artifacts recorded on a run.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/artifacts", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [Artifact(**item) for item in data] def get_model_revisions( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, model_id: str, ) -> list[ModelRevision]: """Get the revisions stored for a model.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/models/{model_id}/revisions", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [ModelRevision(**item) for item in data] def get_model_revision_branches( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, model_id: str, ) -> list[ModelRevisionBranchReference]: """Get the branches stored for a model and their current heads.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/models/{model_id}/revisions/branches", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [ModelRevisionBranchReference(**item) for item in data] def get_model_revision_branch_head( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, model_id: str, branch_name: str = "main", ) -> ModelRevision | None: """Get the latest revision on a named branch, if it exists.""" branches = get_model_revision_branches(config, project_id, model_id) branch = next( (branch for branch in branches if branch.name == branch_name), None, ) if branch is None: return None revisions = get_model_revisions(config, project_id, model_id) return next( ( revision for revision in revisions if revision.id == branch.head_revision_id ), None, ) def create_model_revision( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, model_id: str, title: str, run_ids: list[str], *, branch_name: str = "main", parent_revision_id: str | None = None, note: str | None = None, ) -> ModelRevision: """Create a model revision from a set of completed runs.""" payload: JSONObj = { "title": title, "runIds": run_ids, "branchName": branch_name, } if parent_revision_id is not None: payload["parentRevisionId"] = parent_revision_id if note is not None: payload["note"] = note data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/models/{model_id}/revisions", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return ModelRevision(**data) def update_run( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, status: CompletedRunStatus | None, ended_at: datetime | None, metrics: list[Metric] | None = None, params: list[Parameter] | None = None, external_links: list[ExternalLink] | None = None, parent_run_id: str | _RemoveParent | None = None, description: str | None = None, ) -> None: """Update run metadata, status, attributes, and end time.""" payload = {} if status: payload["status"] = status.value if ended_at: payload["endedAt"] = ended_at.isoformat() if metrics: payload["metrics"] = [ metric.model_dump( mode="json", by_alias=True, exclude_defaults=True ) for metric in metrics ] if params: payload["params"] = [ param.model_dump(mode="json", by_alias=True, exclude_defaults=True) for param in params ] if external_links: payload["externalLinks"] = [ link.model_dump( mode="json", by_alias=True, exclude={"id"}, exclude_defaults=True, ) for link in external_links ] if parent_run_id is not None: if isinstance(parent_run_id, _RemoveParent): payload["parentRunId"] = None else: payload["parentRunId"] = parent_run_id if description is not None: payload["description"] = description _request( config, "PATCH", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}", json=payload, ) PARAM_VALUE_LIMIT = 255 """The hub's ParamValue schema caps values at 255 UTF-16 code units.""" JS_WHITESPACE = ( " \t\n\r\v\f\u00a0\u1680\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005" "\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u2028\u2029\u202f\u205f\u3000" "\ufeff" ) """The characters JavaScript's trim() removes — notably U+FEFF, which Python's strip() keeps.""" def js_trim(value: str) -> str: """Trim with JavaScript semantics, as the hub's validators do.""" return value.strip(JS_WHITESPACE) def utf16_length(value: str) -> int: """String length in UTF-16 code units — the hub's JavaScript validators count these, so non-BMP characters count double.""" return sum(2 if ord(c) > 0xFFFF else 1 for c in value) def _take_utf16_units(value: str, units: int) -> str: """Take a prefix of at most *units* UTF-16 code units.""" taken = [] used = 0 for c in value: used += 2 if ord(c) > 0xFFFF else 1 if used > units: break taken.append(c) return "".join(taken) def truncate_param_value(name: str, value: str) -> str: """Clamp an over-long parameter value, warning about the cut. Shared by the immediate and the batched logging paths so a queued ``log param`` behaves exactly like an immediate one. Lengths are measured in UTF-16 code units to match the hub's validators. (The previous client-side limit of 511 had drifted from the server's 255 — a "truncated" value was still rejected with a 400.) """ value = js_trim(value) if utf16_length(value) <= PARAM_VALUE_LIMIT: return value warnings.warn( f'Parameter "{name}" value too long: {utf16_length(value)}. ' f"Limit: {PARAM_VALUE_LIMIT}.", RuntimeWarning, ) head = _take_utf16_units(value, 125) tail = _take_utf16_units(value[::-1], 125)[::-1] return head + " ... " + tail def log_param( config: ApiConfig, name: str, value: str, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> Parameter: """Log a parameter for a run.""" value = truncate_param_value(name, value) payload = {"name": name, "value": value} data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/params", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Parameter(**data) def log_external_link( config: ApiConfig, label: str, url: str, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> ExternalLink: """Log an external link for a run.""" payload = {"label": label, "url": url} data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/external-links", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return ExternalLink(**data) def log_metric( config: ApiConfig, name: str, value: float, project_id: str, run_id: str, step: int | None = None, ) -> Metric: """Log a metric for a run.""" payload = {"name": name, "value": value} if step is not None: payload["step"] = step data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/metrics", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Metric(**data) def log_tag( config: ApiConfig, name: str, value: str, project_id: str, run_id: str, ) -> Tag: """Log a tag for a run.""" payload = {"name": name, "value": value} data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/tags", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Tag(**data) def create_run_dashboard( config: ApiConfig, project_id: str, run_id: str, dashboard: JSONObj, ) -> RunDashboard: """Store a dashboard for a run from its upload body.""" data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/projects/{project_id}/runs/{run_id}/dashboards", json=dashboard, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return RunDashboard(**data) def create_artifact( config: ApiConfig, run_id: str, file_name: str, file_size: int, ) -> Artifact: """Create an artifact for a given run. Uploading the file for the artifact must be done separately. See `create_artifact_upload_url()`. """ payload = { "runId": run_id, "fileName": file_name, "fileSize": file_size, } data = _request( config, "POST", "/api/artifacts", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return Artifact(**data) def create_artifact_upload_url( config: ApiConfig, artifact_id: str, ) -> ArtifactUploadResponse: """Create a temporary URL for uploading a file for an artifact.""" data = _request( config, "POST", f"/api/artifacts/{artifact_id}/upload-url", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return ArtifactUploadResponse(**data) def upload_file_to_gcs( file_path: Path, upload_url: str, file_size: int | None = None, ) -> None: """Upload a file to the given Google Cloud Storage signed URL.""" file_size = file_size or file_path.stat().st_size headers = { "Content-Type": "application/octet-stream", "x-goog-content-length-range": f"0,{file_size}", } upload_file(file_path, upload_url, headers=headers) def update_artifact( config: ApiConfig, artifact_id: str, status: ArtifactStatus ) -> None: """Update an artifact.""" _request( config, "PATCH", f"/api/artifacts/{artifact_id}", json={"status": status.value}, ) def delete_artifact( config: ApiConfig, artifact_id: str, ) -> None: """Delete an artifact, cleaning up storage.""" _request( config, "DELETE", f"/api/artifacts/{artifact_id}", ) def get_devices( config: ApiConfig, ) -> list[Device]: """Get the list of supported devices in the Embedl device cloud.""" data = _request( config, "GET", "/api/device-cloud/devices", ) data = _expect_list(data) return [Device(**item) for item in data] def create_device_cloud_upload( config: ApiConfig, device_platform: Literal['ANDROID', 'IOS'] = 'ANDROID', ) -> DeviceCloudUpload: """Create a resource for uploading a file for usage on the Embedl device cloud.""" payload = ( {"type": "APPIUM_PYTHON_TEST_PACKAGE"} if device_platform == 'IOS' else None ) data = _request( config, "POST", "/api/device-cloud/uploads", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudUpload(**data) def create_device_cloud_download( config: ApiConfig, ) -> DeviceCloudDownload: """Create a resource for downloading files from the Embedl device cloud.""" data = _request( config, "POST", "/api/device-cloud/downloads", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudDownload(**data) def get_device_cloud_download( config: ApiConfig, id: str, ) -> DeviceCloudDownload: """Get a device cloud download by ID.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/device-cloud/downloads/{id}", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudDownload(**data) def submit_device_cloud_job( config: ApiConfig, model_upload_id: str, device: str, ) -> DeviceCloudJob: """Create a job on the Embedl device cloud.""" payload = { "modelUploadId": model_upload_id, "deviceName": device, } data = _request( config, "POST", "/api/device-cloud/jobs", json=payload, ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudJob(**data) def get_device_cloud_job( config: ApiConfig, job_id: str, ) -> DeviceCloudJob: """Get a device cloud job by ID.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/device-cloud/jobs/{job_id}", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudJob(**data) def get_device_cloud_job_artifacts( config: ApiConfig, job_id: str, ) -> DeviceCloudJobArtifacts: """Get details for the artifacts produced by a Embedl device cloud job.""" data = _request( config, "GET", f"/api/device-cloud/jobs/{job_id}/artifacts", ) data = _expect_dict(data) return DeviceCloudJobArtifacts(**data) def upload_file( file_path: Path, url: str, headers: dict[str, str] | None = None, ) -> None: """Upload a file to the given URL.""" try: with file_path.open("rb") as f: upload_response = requests.put( url, data=f, timeout=60, headers=headers, ) upload_response.raise_for_status() except requests.exceptions.RequestException as exc: raise NetworkRequestError( f"File upload to {url} failed: {exc}" ) from exc def download_file(url: str) -> bytes: """Download a file from the given URL.""" try: resp = requests.get(url, timeout=30) resp.raise_for_status() except requests.exceptions.RequestException as exc: raise NetworkRequestError( f"File download from {url} failed: {exc}" ) from exc return resp.content def _expect_dict(data: JSONData | None) -> JSONObj: """Ensure data is a dict, else raise error.""" if not isinstance(data, dict): raise RuntimeError("Unexpected response shape: expected object") return data def _expect_list(data: JSONData | None) -> list[JSONObj]: """Ensure data is a list, else raise error.""" if not isinstance(data, list): raise RuntimeError("Unexpected response shape: expected array") return data def _request( config: ApiConfig, method: str, url: str, json: JSONObj | None = None, params: dict[str, str | int] | None = None, ) -> JSONData | None: """Send HTTP request and handle API response.""" # Endpoint paths are written absolute ("/api/..."), which # urljoin would resolve against the host, discarding the path # prefix of a Hub served under one. Joining them relative to # the base keeps that prefix. full_url = urljoin(config.base_url, url.lstrip("/")) try: resp = requests.request( method=method, url=full_url, headers=config.headers, json=json, params=params, timeout=10, ) except requests.exceptions.RequestException as exc: raise NetworkRequestError( f"Request to {full_url} failed: {exc}" ) from exc try: payload: JSONObj = resp.json() if resp.content else {} except ValueError: payload = {} if resp.ok: if resp.status_code == 204: return None if "data" in payload: return payload["data"] raise ApiError(resp.status_code, "Missing `data` field", [], resp) errors = [ ApiErrorDetail.from_dict(err) for err in payload.get("errors", []) ] if resp.status_code == 401: message = ( "Invalid or expired API key. " "Run 'embedl-hub auth --api-key <key>' or set the " "EMBEDL_HUB_API_KEY environment variable. " f"Generate a key at {urljoin(config.base_url, 'profile')}." ) else: message = payload.get("message") or resp.reason raise ApiError(resp.status_code, message, errors, resp) class ErrorCode(Enum): """Specific error codes returned by the API.""" STORAGE_QUOTA_EXCEEDED = "storage_quota_exceeded" FILE_TOO_LARGE = "file_too_large" JOB_QUOTA_EXCEEDED = "job_quota_exceeded" INVALID_RUN_LINEAGE = "invalid_run_lineage" @dataclass class ApiErrorDetail: """An individual error contained in an API error response.""" title: str | None = None status: int | None = None code: str | None = None detail: str | None = None source: dict[str, str] | None = None meta: dict[str, Any] | None = None @classmethod def from_dict(cls, data: dict[str, Any]) -> Self: return cls( title=data.get("title"), status=data.get("status"), code=data.get("code"), detail=data.get("detail"), source=data.get("source"), meta=data.get("meta"), ) def __str__(self) -> str: parts: list[str] = [] if self.title: parts.append(self.title) if self.code: parts.append(f"(code: {self.code})") if self.status: parts.append(f"[{self.status}]") if self.detail: parts.append(self.detail) if self.source: parts.append(f"-> {self.source}") return " ".join(parts) or "<empty>" class ApiError(Exception): """Raised for API errors with JSON body.""" def __init__( self, status_code: int, message: str, errors: list[ApiErrorDetail] | None = None, response: requests.Response | None = None, ) -> None: super().__init__(f"{status_code} {message}") self.status_code = status_code self.message = message self.errors = errors or [] self.response = response def __str__(self) -> str: if not self.errors: return super().__str__() joined = "\n".join(map(str, self.errors)) return f"{super().__str__()}\n{joined}" class NetworkRequestError(Exception): """Raised when HTTP request fails."""